Overview

Overview of the CYGNUS X complex (Beuther et al. 2022): grey 70mum, contours 250mum, red triangles mm clumps from Motte et al. (2007). The blue squares outline the individual 4'x4' NOEMA mosaics.

CASCADE is part of the Max Planck IRAM Observatory Program (MIOP) that addresses several scientific topics from protostallar disks to star formation and cosmology (MIOP). CASCADE images large parts of the Cygnus X star-forming region at high spatial resolution in the 3.6mm line and continuum emission with NOEMA and the 30m telescope. The main scientific questions to be investigated are:

  • How does the gas flow from large cloud to small core scales?
  • Do we find kinematic signatures of cloud collapse?
  • How do the star-forming cores affect their environment? What are the dominating processes of feedback from the forming and newly-formed stars?
  • What are the chemical gas properties and how do the change with evolutionary stage?


Project Status

First moment map in HCO+(1-0) for the DR20 region (Beuther et al. 2022).

Over the entire Cygnus X molecular cloud, we are focusing on 40 mosaics of 4'x4' (78 fields each). For several sub-regions, a few mosaics are concatenated to one larger mosaic (e.g., for DR20 above, 3 mosaics are stitched together).

As of summer 2022, more than 50% of the NOEMA data are taken. Furthermore, all complementary 30m single-dish observations have been conducted. Data reduction and analysis is ongoing.

Team

The CASCADE MIOP is a collaboration initiated by the Max Planck Society and IRAM, but it is extended to a much broader international community. The current team members are:

K. Menten, F. Wyrowski, H. Beuther, J.M. Winters, L. Bouscasse, S Suri, W.-J. Kim, C. Gieser, M. Sawczuck, I.B. Christensen, I.M. Skretas, F. Motte, N. Schneider, T. Csengeri, S. Bontemps, N. Cunningham, G. Ortiz, A. Hernandez, D. Semenov, T. Hoang, K.T. Wong

Data & Publications

Data reduction and analysis are ongoing. While the first studies will focus either on individual regions with the combined NOEMA+30m data, or on larger sample approaches with the 30m-only data, in follow-up steps, the data-sets of the whole region will be employed to derive a more unified picture of the physics, chemistry and kinematics in the framework of high-mass star formation.

Publications:
The Cygnus Allscale Survey of Chemistry and Dynamical Environments: CASCADE. II: A detailed kinematic analysis of the DR21 Main outflow (pdf-file)
2023, Astronomy and Astrophysics, in press
Skretas I.M., Karska A., Wyrowski F., Menten K.M., Beuther H., Ginsburg A., Hernandez-Gomez A., Gieser C., Li S., Kim W.-J., Semeneov D.A., Bouscasse L., Christensen I.B., Winters J.M., Hacar A.

The Cygnus Allscale Survey of Chemistry and Dynamical Environments: CASCADE: Overview and first results toward DR20 from the Max Planck IRAMObservatory Program (MIOP) (pdf-file)
2022, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 673, A121
Beuther H., Wyrowski F., Menten K.M., Winters J.M., Suri S., Kim W.-J., Bouscasse L., Gieser C., Sawczuck M., Christensen I.B., Skretas I.M.


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